Fair question. The Census Bureau's interactive data visualization site isn't my favorite. The tool itself doesn't work too well. Try selecting specific categories of welfare programs to do a more granular analysis and the tool starts spitting out "no data available" depending on the combination of programs you select. And like you pointed out, it puts Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites into the same category, which isn't helpful. I'm not entirely sure how they built this tool, but it seems like they're not accounting for the relative size and scale of each program. When presenting data without weighting important information like beneficiary counts or spending shares, you can easily create a misleading sense of equivalence between programs like Medicaid (85 million beneficiaries, 50% of welfare spending) and smaller programs like TANF or WIC (less than 2% of welfare spending). This lack of context is pretty obfuscating.
The Census data itself isn't bad -- it's great and offers a tremendous sample size, but the Bureau does a poor job of communicating that data. There are other organizations that take the same valuable data and communicate it better. Let's look at some of the biggest public assistance programs to get an idea of what's going on:
Medicaid
Spending FY 2023: $880 Billion
Utilization: White 39.5%, Black 18.5%, Hispanic 29.9%, Asian 4.7%, Native American 1.0%, Multiple Races 6.0%
Source: Kroger Family Foundation (Utilization), Kroger Family Foundation (Spending)
Medicare
Spending FY 2023: $1 Trillion
Utilization: White 72.3%, Black 10.1%, Hispanic 9.8%, Asian 4.6%, Native American 0.4%, Multiple Races 2.7%
Source: Kroger Family Foundation (Utilization), CMS.gov (Spending)
Social Security
Spending FY 2024: $1.5 Trillion
Utilization: I couldn't find a simple breakdown except for at the Census Bureau site. Their numbers are: White 81.1%, Black 12.1%, Asian 3.7%, Other 3.0%. We know that non-Hispanic Whites are probably a large majority of that 81.1%.
Source: CBPP (Spending), Utilization (Census Bureau)
SNAP (Food Stamps)
Spending FY 2023: $113 Billion
Utilization: White 35.3%, Black 26.0%, Hispanic 15.1%, Asian 3.7%, Native American 1.4%, Multiple Races 0.6%, Race Unknown 17.6%
Source: USDA (Spending), USDA (Utilization, Table 3.6, Page 29)
There's a pretty clear pattern emerging here: Universal public assistance programs designed for old people who have worked and paid taxes their whole lives are utilized the most by Whites, but not at exceedingly disproportionate rates when you account for the racial demographics of the elderly (75% of Americans age 65+ are non-Hispanic Whites). Other public assistance programs are disproportionately used by Blacks and Hispanics, often at rates that are 1.5 - 2.0x higher than you would expect for a population of their size; AKA higher per capita consumption.