To be clear, I'm simply using the phrase "productive class" to describe Americans who pay more into the system than they take out of it. People don't have to be millionaires to consider themselves part of that class. For example, the top 20% of earners (household income of $170,000+) pay about 87% of US federal income taxes.
With regard to blue states and red states, the most straightforward answer to your question is that red states, particularly those in the South, have the largest concentrations of people who are significantly more likely to be poor and rely on government benefits on a per-capita basis: Black and Hispanic people. This isn't to say that there aren't poor White or Asian people who rely on federal programs; In fact, Whites receive more benefits overall than anyone else in absolute terms, but their per-capita consumption rates are far lower (except for all the elderly people on Social Security, which is nothing more than a reflection of our country's historical demographics). When you take this into consideration, it's no surprise that blue states like Vermont, Maine, or Massachusetts receive less federal funding than Mississippi, Louisiana, or Georgia. So it's not really about the ideological consistency of the people who govern red and blue states, it's just a demographic reality.
There are lots of ways to slice the pie when it comes to analyzing the data on this kind of stuff. But people tend to get uncomfortable when you start categorizing along the lines of race, sex, national origin, and other classifications — especially if it concerns any kind of negative outcome — because it forces us to ask difficult questions and grapple with complex issues that don't necessarily have straightforward or pleasant conclusions. But the truth is that these categories have utility, which is why they're used all the time by professional statisticians across the ideological spectrum. Unfortunately, any time you make a generalized statement about people based on population-level statistics, there are going to be sensitive reactionaries chomping at the bit to mention every exception to the rule and call you every "-ist" under the sun.
Just as an example of how data can illuminate these types of discussions, let's look at education: The schooling system here in the US is often ridiculed by Americans and foreigners alike because we don't score as highly as you might expect on metrics like the OECD's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). This kind of criticism was epitomized in Jeff Daniels' ridiculous monologue from "The Newsroom" where he rants about why America actually isn't the best country in the world according to various metrics.
The most recent data from the 2022 PISA puts the USA at 18th in the world, which is decent, but not great. However, the story changes when you split American students by race: US Asians are 2nd in the world, US Whites are 7th, US Hispanics are 39th, and US Blacks are 47th. So right away, we've dispelled the narrative that all American students are underachievers. For some reason, our Asian and White students are among the best in the world -- better than any European country. Yet for another reason, our Hispanic and Black students are lagging behind. Is it because they're poorer? Is it because of cultural differences in how ethnic groups value education in the US? Is it because of "institutional racism"? Your guess is as good as mine, but my belief is that a serious and just society would look at these kinds of disparities with genuine interest and curiosity borne out of a desire to help and improve; Instead, we're lowering standards, eschewing standardized testing, and removing AP classes from curriculums at predominantly Black and Hispanic schools, along with lots of other nonsensical stuff. Don't even get me started on the propaganda machines we call "universities".